Trip to Peru – What to Know, How to Prepare and What to Pack

Peru is a country that fascinates with its diversity – from the high peaks of the Andes, through the Amazon jungle, to colonial cities and the heritage of Inca culture. The exotic character of this destination attracts more and more travellers from all over the world, including many from Europe.

This guide has been prepared for anyone planning a trip to Peru – both those venturing outside Europe for the first time and more experienced travellers wondering how to organise the expedition comfortably and safely. It will also be useful for people booking through a travel agency who want to better understand what to pay attention to on such a journey. (And if you are still weighing up destinations closer to home, take a look at our piece on Albania – a cheaper, safer alternative.)

The article contains practical information on the climate, necessary documents, vaccinations and packing, as well as legal regulations, insurance and the cost of medical treatment. It also covers the most interesting places to visit, safety issues, internal transport and the choice of the right luggage, suited to the conditions of travelling around Peru. Together it forms a comprehensive guide that will help you prepare for the trip fully aware of what to expect and how to make the most of your time in this extraordinary country.

Peru – a brief history and the identity of the country

Peru is a country with an extraordinarily rich history reaching back to pre-Columbian times. The best-known civilisation to inhabit these lands were the Incas – creators of one of the largest and best-organised empires in the history of South America. Their capital was in Cusco, and Machu Picchu – the mystical city in the mountains – is still considered a pearl of world cultural heritage.

Although the Inca Empire stretched over a vast area and was famous for its excellent infrastructure, irrigation systems and roads, its rule was brutally ended by the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. Colonisation brought with it a new religion, language, architecture and social order. Traces of the colonial heritage can be seen to this day – especially in cities such as Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo, where baroque churches and cobbled squares mingle with local culture.

Modern Peru is a mosaic of peoples, languages and traditions. Alongside Spanish, which is the official language, indigenous languages – Quechua and Aymara – are used in many regions. The country is inhabited by descendants of the Incas as well as Europeans, Africans and Asians, which makes Peruvian culture extraordinarily diverse. This multiculturalism is visible in the cuisine, music and dance, as well as in the festivals and rituals celebrated in different regions of the country.

Geographically, Peru is divided into three main zones: the Pacific coast, the mountainous Andes and the Amazon jungle. Each of these areas has its own unique identity and shapes the way of life of the local population. This diversity means that a journey through Peru is not only an adventure, but also a fascinating lesson in history and culture.

Basic practical information

Before travelling to Peru, it is worth learning a few basic facts that will make getting around the country easier and help avoid misunderstandings. What language is spoken, what to pay with, how the internet works and what the sockets look like – all of this can matter, especially on a first trip to South America. Below you will find a set of the most important practical information to keep in mind before packing your suitcase and setting off.

Language

The official language in Peru is Spanish, spoken by the majority of the population. In some regions, especially Andean and Amazonian ones, the languages of indigenous peoples are also used – above all Quechua and Aymara. In larger cities, hotels and tourist areas you can communicate in English, but outside the main tourist hubs it is worth knowing basic phrases in Spanish, which makes everyday communication much easier.

Currency

The currency in Peru is the nuevo sol (PEN). Both coins and banknotes are in circulation. In tourist areas, prices are often also quoted in US dollars (USD), which are widely accepted, especially in higher-class hotels and travel agencies. It is worth carrying local currency, however, particularly in smaller towns, at markets and when using local transport.

Payment cards vs. cash

Payment cards (Visa, Mastercard) are widely accepted in larger shops, restaurants, hotels and service points in the cities. In smaller towns and at bazaars, cash is preferred. ATMs are available in many locations, but it is worth being cautious and choosing machines in safe places, e.g. inside banks or shopping centres. It is advisable to carry cash in small denominations – larger banknotes can be difficult to break.

Sockets and voltage

Peru uses type A and C sockets – the same as in the USA and some European countries. The mains voltage is 220V at a frequency of 60Hz. Many electronic devices designed for 110–240V work without problems, but before travelling it is worth checking the markings on your chargers. An adapter may be necessary, especially for devices with earthed pin plugs.

Internet and phone

Internet access is widespread in larger cities and tourist towns. Wi-Fi is offered in hotels, hostels, restaurants and cafés. In less populated areas, such as the mountains or the Amazon jungle, coverage can be very limited.

To use mobile internet and phone calls, it is worth buying a local SIM card – offers are available from various operators, such as Claro, Movistar and Entel. Cards can be bought at airports, in shops and at operator outlets; a passport is often required. International calls are best made via internet messengers (e.g. WhatsApp, Messenger) using Wi-Fi.

Weather, climate and seasons

Peru is a country full of contrasts, not only cultural but also climatic. Because of its varied terrain, weather conditions can differ dramatically from region to region – from dry deserts to humid jungle and cool mountains. Understanding these differences is key when planning a trip, especially if you want to see more than just one region. Below we outline what the climate looks like in different parts of Peru and when it is best to plan a trip.

Geographical zones

Peru can be divided into three main geographical zones, each with a different climate:

• The coast (La Costa): covers the western part of the country, along the Pacific Ocean. The climate here is desert or semi-desert – very little rainfall, but fog (the so-called garúa) and cloud cover are common. Temperatures are moderate all year round, although in summer (December–March) it can be hot and sunny.
• The mountains (La Sierra): the Andean region, including the areas around Cusco, Arequipa and Lake Titicaca. The climate here is mountainous – cool nights and moderate daytime temperatures. There are two seasons: dry (May–September) and rainy (October–April). At high altitudes (above 3,000 m a.s.l.) frosts can occur even in summer.
• The Amazon (La Selva): the eastern part of the country, covered in rainforest. The climate is tropical, humid and hot all year round. Rainfall is intense, especially from November to April. In the dry season (May–October) rain is less frequent, but can still occur.

When to go?

The best time for a trip to Peru depends on the region you plan to visit and the type of activity you want to pursue:

• The Andes (e.g. Cusco, Machu Picchu, Lake Titicaca): the best time is the dry season, from May to September. This is also the peak of the tourist season, so it is worth booking accommodation and tickets in advance.
• The Amazon: travelling is most pleasant in the dry season (May–October), although you still have to reckon with humidity and occasional storms. In the rainy season, access to some roads and trails may be limited.
• The coast: the best time is the Peruvian summer (December–March), when it is warm and sunny. From May to November it is often cloudy and humid, despite the lack of rain.

Climatic contrasts

During a single trip to Peru you can experience extremely different weather conditions – from the heat of the Paracas deserts, through cool evenings in Cusco, to the sultry humidity of the jungle in Iquitos. These differences can occur even within one day, especially when moving from the coast into the mountains or to the Amazon. That is why, when planning a trip, it is worth preparing for varied conditions – both in terms of clothing and equipment.

To sum up – Peru can be visited all year round, but if you want to explore the Andes and Machu Picchu in the best possible conditions, go for the months from May to September. For relaxing on the coast, the December–March period is best, and the jungle is most pleasant in the dry season, i.e. from May to October.

What clothes to take to Peru?

When planning your wardrobe for a trip to Peru, one word is key: layering. This country offers humid jungle, cool mountains and dry deserts – and completely different dressing rules apply in each of these zones. Instead of packing for ‘one type of weather’, it is better to prepare for rapid changes in temperature and conditions, especially within a single day. Below we present what is worth packing into your suitcase before departure.

Layered clothing – the onion system as the basis

The onion system of dressing works perfectly in Peruvian conditions. Especially in mountain regions, where mornings can be very cold and during the day the sun heats the air to a dozen or even several dozen degrees Celsius. A good set consists of:

• Base layer (thermal underwear): useful in the mountains, especially during morning hikes and overnight stays at altitude.
• Middle layer: a fleece, sweatshirt or light jumper – something that warms but does not take up much space.
• Outer layer: a windproof and rainproof jacket – essential both in the Andes and in the Amazon.

Trekking clothing

Hiking in the mountains, on trails such as those to Machu Picchu (e.g. the Inca Trail or Salkantay), Rainbow Mountain or the Colca Canyon, requires proper technical clothing. It is worth packing:

• Breathable, quick-drying T-shirts – ideally with UV protection.
• Trekking trousers (preferably with zip-off legs) – comfortable and versatile.
• Light but solid trekking boots – well broken-in, with good grip.
• A softshell or down jacket – for cold mornings and evenings.
• A hat or headband – protection against the cold at altitude.

What for rain, what for heat, what for cold?

Changeable weather is a daily reality in Peru. That is why it is worth including clothing for every eventuality in your luggage:

• For rain: a light rain jacket, a hiking poncho, a rain cover for your backpack or bag.
• For heat: T-shirts in breathable fabrics, shorts, a thin long-sleeved shirt for sun protection.
• For cold: a fleece, a thin down jacket, warm socks, a hat and gloves – especially if you plan to stay overnight in the mountains.

Extras: a hat, sunglasses, swimwear

Apart from basic clothing, remember a few inconspicuous but very useful extras:

• A brimmed hat or a cap: the sun at high altitude can be very intense.
• Sunglasses with a UV filter: mandatory – especially in the Andes.
• Swimwear: useful not only by the ocean, but also in hot springs (e.g. Aguas Calientes, Chivay).
• A buff or scarf: multi-purpose protection against dust, sun and wind.

When packing for Peru, it is best to focus on functionality, comfort and the resilience of your clothes to changing conditions. Natural fabrics (such as merino wool) and technical materials will perform far better than classic cotton. And before you seal your bags, double-check our list of items you cannot bring on a plane – a few first-aid-kit staples are worth carrying in hold baggage rather than carry-on.

Which suitcase for Peru? – choosing the right travel luggage

Travelling around Peru means not only long flights, but also mountain excursions, trekking, exploring the jungle and moving along local roads. Choosing the right luggage is therefore key to making your journey comfortable, safe and free of unnecessary complications. In Peru, weather and geographical conditions change constantly, so it is worth having a suitcase that can withstand the rigours of the road. Let us look at why a light, tough and resistant suitcase is a necessity, and why Peli Air suitcases are the ideal choice for such an expedition. If you are still weighing shell types in general, start with our comparison of hard vs. soft luggage.

Travel conditions in Peru – not just flights, but also buses, treks and changing conditions

Travelling around Peru is much more than flying between cities. Of course, flights between hubs such as Lima and Cusco are standard, but the real adventure begins when you set off onto mountain trails across the Andes or enter the dense Amazon jungle. In addition, travel in Peru also involves rides in local buses, which often move along unpaved roads, adding extra vibration and unpredictable conditions.

In such conditions your luggage must be resistant to damage, moisture and dust. That is why it is worth choosing a suitcase that not only holds all your belongings, but also survives the hardships of travel – from the trip to Machu Picchu to expeditions into the most remote corners of Peru.

Why is a light, tough and resistant suitcase a necessity?

In Peru you can encounter genuinely difficult weather conditions, especially in the mountains, where temperature changes can be very abrupt and humidity high. A suitcase that is too heavy can quickly become impractical, especially on long journeys. In turn, a low-quality suitcase may not survive the tough conditions – it can be damaged by shocks, soaked in the rain or scratched in transport.

When choosing a suitcase for Peru, pay attention to its resistance to mechanical damage, its water resistance and its low weight, which makes it comfortable to transport both on flights and on longer overland journeys. It is also important that the suitcase is protected against theft – models with TSA-accepted locks are a good choice, especially in the context of international flights.

Peli Air – the ideal suitcase for travelling around Peru

When it comes to durability, functionality and security, Peli Air is the perfect choice for a trip around Peru. The modern technologies used in the production of these cases ensure the protection of your belongings in the toughest conditions.

Resistance to moisture, dust and shocks – proven in the mountains and the jungle

Peli Air cases are highly resistant to difficult weather conditions, which makes them indispensable on a trip to Peru. Whether you are going trekking in the mountains or exploring the Amazon jungle, these cases will protect your belongings from moisture, dust and shocks. In addition, their special construction ensures water resistance, which is particularly important on rainy days.

The cabin version – convenient for internal flights (e.g. Lima – Cusco)

Internal travel is very common in Peru, and flights between cities such as Lima, Cusco, Arequipa and Iquitos are a frequent means of transport. A Peli Air cabin suitcase is ideal for such journeys. It is capacious enough to hold everything you need for a short stay, yet compact enough to take on board without checking in your baggage. Before you fly, it is worth revisiting the cabin luggage dimension and weight traps that catch travellers out.

The checked version – ideal for a longer stay with more gear or trekking clothes

If you are planning a longer stay in Peru and intend to take more belongings, including trekking equipment, go for the checked-baggage version of the Peli Air suitcase. Thanks to its large capacity you will fit all the necessary clothes, hiking accessories and equipment, and thanks to its rugged construction the case will survive transport in all conditions.

Peli Air suitcases with TSA locks – secure and compliant with airport requirements

Luggage security is key, especially on international journeys. Peli Air suitcases are fitted with TSA-accepted locks that meet international requirements. With them you can be sure your belongings are safe, and if necessary airport staff can inspect the contents of your baggage without damaging it.

Personal experience of packing and using the suitcase in Peru

During my travels around Peru, the Peli Air suitcase proved irreplaceable. It performed well both in tough trekking conditions and on flights and bus journeys. Its light weight and shock resistance were invaluable, especially on Peruvian mountain roads, where the case was put through all kinds of tests. In addition, thanks to its water resistance, my belongings were always dry, even after torrential rains in the Amazon.

To sum up, a Peli Air suitcase is an excellent choice for a trip to Peru. It provides the comfort, functionality and security needed to fully enjoy this incredible, diverse country.

Vaccinations and health preparation

Before travelling to Peru, it is worth taking proper care of your health to avoid unnecessary medical complications during the trip. Peru is a country of varied geography and climate, which can involve various health risks, including tropical diseases. In this section I will discuss the most important vaccinations, the medicines worth taking with you, and the health preparation that will help you feel safe during your journey.

Recommended vaccinations

Before a trip to Peru, it is advisable to consult a doctor who will help determine which vaccinations are necessary depending on the region you plan to visit. Here are the most important vaccinations worth considering:

• Hepatitis A and B – Vaccinations against viral hepatitis types A and B are particularly recommended, as these diseases occur in developing countries, including Peru. Hepatitis A can be transmitted through contaminated food and water, while hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infected blood.
• Typhoid fever – Typhoid is a disease you can contract through contaminated water or food. Vaccination against typhoid is recommended for people travelling to regions with lower hygiene standards, especially if you plan to eat at local markets or in rural areas.
• Yellow fever – Vaccination against yellow fever is strongly recommended if you plan to visit areas in the risk zone (e.g. the Amazon lowlands). It is not required to enter Peru itself unless you arrive from a country where yellow fever is endemic – but note that since May 2025 Ecuador requires proof of yellow fever vaccination from travellers who have spent more than 10 days in Peru, so factor this in if you are combining the two countries.
• Tetanus and routine vaccinations – Make sure your routine vaccinations, including tetanus (booster every 10 years) and measles, are up to date before departure.

Remember that everyone may have individual health needs, so it is important to consult a doctor or travel medicine clinic, ideally several weeks before departure, to arrange the right doses and vaccination schedule.

Antimalarials and altitude medication (soroche)

When travelling around Peru, it is also worth considering malaria prophylaxis, especially if you plan to visit the Amazon or other tropical regions of the country. Malaria is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, and symptoms can appear even several weeks after returning from the trip. There are medicines that help prevent the disease, such as mefloquine or doxycycline, but the choice of drug should be consulted with a doctor, as recommendations differ by region.

Altitude in Peru, especially in the mountain regions, can be a challenge for the body. The phenomenon known as soroche (altitude sickness) can occur when you are at high altitude (above 2,500 m a.s.l.). Symptoms of soroche include headaches, dizziness, nausea and general weakness. Fortunately, there are medicines that help relieve these symptoms, such as acetazolamide (Diamox), which is worth taking with you if you plan treks in the Andes, e.g. to Machu Picchu. Ask your doctor about it before departure.

The travel first-aid kit – what is worth having?

A properly prepared travel first-aid kit is a key element in ensuring your safety and comfort while travelling around Peru. Here is a list of basic medicines and accessories worth taking:

• Painkillers and fever reducers – Ibuprofen, paracetamol, remedies for headaches, migraines and muscle pain.
• Medicines for stomach complaints – Peru is a country where a change of diet and water can trigger digestive problems, so it is worth taking anti-diarrhoea medicine (e.g. loperamide), activated charcoal, as well as remedies for heartburn and bloating.
• Remedies for burns and wounds – Carry burn ointment, plasters, dressings and antiseptics, particularly useful when travelling in wild areas.
• Mosquito repellents – In the tropical regions of Peru, mosquitoes can transmit diseases such as malaria or dengue. Ensure effective protection with strong repellents.
• Basic altitude sickness medication – If you are heading to higher altitudes, take medication to counteract altitude sickness (as agreed with your doctor).
• Skin protection – Sunscreens, after-sun lotions, lip balm for chapped lips.

It is also worth planning a supply of prescription medicines if you take any regularly (e.g. for hypertension or asthma) – carry them in their original packaging together with the prescription. Remember that some medicines may be unavailable in Peru or sold under a different trade name.

COVID – are there any current requirements?

Peru has lifted all COVID-19-related entry requirements: currently no proof of vaccination, negative test or quarantine is needed to enter the country. Face masks are no longer mandatory in public spaces or transport. As health regulations can change at short notice, it is still worth checking the latest official guidance from the Peruvian authorities or your airline shortly before departure. While we are on formalities: for tourist stays most European citizens do not need a visa (up to 90 days is typically granted), and your passport should be valid for at least six months from the date of entry.

Take care of your health when preparing for a trip to Peru, and make sure you have everything you need to enjoy a safe and comfortable journey.

Politics and religion – what a tourist should know

When travelling to Peru, it is worth getting to know not only the practical aspects of everyday life, but also the political and religious context, which can influence your experiences in this country. Peru is a country of diverse culture, and it also has its unique political and religious traditions that deserve respect when visiting different regions. Below we present the most important information on politics, religion and the rules of behaviour in sacred places.

Political system

Peru is a democratic republic functioning as a unitary state. The head of state is the president, who serves as both head of government and head of state. Presidential elections take place every five years, and the political system is based on the separation of powers: executive, legislative and judicial. It is worth noting that Peru, despite its democracy, has experienced periods of political tension and coups in the past, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s, when the country struggled with terrorism and economic crises, and political life has remained turbulent in recent years as well.

Tourists are advised to avoid getting involved in political discussions, especially concerning the country’s internal affairs. Bear in mind that different regions of Peru may have different views on central politics, and some topics, such as corruption or social policy, can be sensitive. Avoid voicing loud opinions on these matters so as not to expose yourself to unnecessary misunderstandings.

Religion and culture

Religion plays a very important role in the daily life of Peruvians. The majority of society is Catholic, and the Catholic Church has a strong influence on the country’s traditions and customs. Catholic traditions are visible not only in everyday life, but also in numerous festivals, such as the famous Fiesta de la Candelaria in Puno and Inti Raymi – the Festival of the Sun in Cusco, which combines elements of Catholic religion with traditional Inca beliefs.

Apart from the Catholic heritage, indigenous religions are also present in Peru, particularly in the mountain regions and the Amazon. Many of these religions are connected with animism, i.e. belief in the spirits of nature and various deities of the natural world. The religious diversity of Peru is the result of the fusion of indigenous traditions and the Spanish colonial heritage.

When travelling around Peru, it is worth getting to know and respecting these diverse religious traditions, which shape the daily life of the inhabitants. In towns and villages you can often encounter Catholic processions as well as traditional rituals connected with ancient beliefs. They are often linked to respect for nature and to rituals intended to ensure health and a good harvest.

Behaviour in sacred places

The Catholic religion is particularly important in the context of visiting sacred places. Peru has many churches and cathedrals of enormous historical and religious significance. One example is the cathedral in Cusco, built on the site of a former Inca temple. In such places, and in many other churches, a few rules should be observed:

• Dress: When entering a church or cathedral, dress modestly and appropriately. There are usually no restrictions on colours, but avoid overly revealing clothes such as shorts or sleeveless tops.
• Respect: Keep quiet and behave with dignity in sacred places. Remember that for many Peruvians the Catholic church is a place of prayer and personal contact with God.
• Photography bans: In many churches, especially the more traditional ones, photography may be prohibited, particularly during services. Always ask before taking pictures.
• Attending mass: If you decide to attend a mass, remember to follow the liturgical customs, e.g. kneeling during prayers. Taking part in local masses can be an interesting cultural experience, but it is important to show respect for local customs.

Visiting churches and sacred places in Peru is not only an opportunity to admire the architecture, but also to understand the deeply rooted traditions and history of this country. Always behave with respect, and you will be welcomed warmly by the locals.

What to see in Peru – the most interesting places

Peru is a country full of contrasts, where every journey becomes a unique adventure. From the mysterious ruins of ancient civilisations, through breathtaking mountain landscapes, to the lush Amazon – Peru offers rich history, incredible views and an unrepeatable atmosphere. Below we present some of the most important places worth seeing in this fascinating country, along with route suggestions that will let you feel the true magic of this place.

Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu is certainly the most famous place in Peru and one of the most recognisable in the world. The mysterious Inca citadel, perched on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley, attracts tourists from all over the world. Although the structure still hides many mysteries, its impressive location and superb architecture draw everyone who wants to feel the spirit of the Incas. To see Machu Picchu, you can hike the famous Inca Trail, which leads through picturesque mountains and forests, or take the train to Aguas Calientes, from where you can reach the ruins at the top.

Cusco

Cusco is the former capital of the Inca Empire and one of the most important cities in Peru. This city, combining traces of pre-Columbian civilisation with Spanish colonial influences, has an extraordinary atmosphere. Strolling through the narrow streets, you can admire architecture from Inca times as well as buildings from the Spanish period. Places worth visiting include the Plaza de Armas, the Temple of the Sun – Qorikancha – and Cusco Cathedral. From Cusco you can also easily reach other attractions, such as Sacsayhuamán and Tambomachay – archaeological sites that offer an insight into the mysteries of the Incas.

Lake Titicaca

Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world, lying on the border of Peru and Bolivia. This magical place is surrounded by stunning landscapes, and its waters hide numerous islands inhabited by indigenous peoples. On the Peruvian side, the most famous are the floating reed islands of the Uros people and the islands of Taquile and Amantaní, which are important places in Andean culture; on the Bolivian side lie the legendary Isla del Sol and Isla de la Luna. It is worth taking a boat trip on the lake, visiting the islands and learning about the traditions of the local inhabitants. On the shore of the lake lies the city of Puno, an excellent base for exploring the region.

The Amazon

Peru is also a gateway to the Amazon jungle – one of the most biodiverse places on our planet. To experience a true Amazon adventure, it is best to head to cities such as Iquitos (one of the largest cities in the world with no road connection to the rest of the country) or Puerto Maldonado, from where jungle expeditions are organised. You can take river cruises, observe wild fauna, admire incredible plants and experience unforgettable moments amid tropical nature. It is also worth visiting nature reserves such as the Tambopata National Reserve and Manu National Park, which offer an insight into the life of the wild Amazon.

Colca Canyon

Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world, measuring around 3,400 metres deep. It is located in the Arequipa region and is a popular tourist destination, especially for those seeking adventure and breathtaking landscapes. It is worth taking a trip along the canyon rim and watching the famous Andean condors circling above the precipices. The region around the canyon is also known for its volcanoes and traditional villages, where you can get to know the culture and customs of the indigenous inhabitants.

Arequipa and the Misti volcano

Arequipa, known as the ‘White City’ because of its white volcanic stone, is another place worth visiting. Surrounded by volcanoes, Arequipa is one of the most beautiful cities in Peru, offering both magnificent colonial architecture and access to spectacular landscapes. It is worth visiting the Santa Catalina Monastery and the Plaza de Armas, as well as taking a trip into the surroundings of the Misti volcano, the symbol of the region.

Route and connection suggestions

Peru offers a wide range of transport options that will let you explore the country. Many places are accessible both to tourists who prefer comfortable travel and to those looking for more independent options. Here are a few route suggestions worth considering:

• Car rental – Although road quality in Peru varies, renting a car gives you great freedom to explore less touristy places, especially in mountain regions.
• Trains – Railways in Peru offer comfortable and scenic routes, e.g. from Cusco to Machu Picchu, or from Arequipa to Puno on Lake Titicaca.
• Buses – The bus system in Peru is well developed, and bus travel is one of the most popular transport options. Look for companies offering comfortable connections, such as Cruz del Sur or Oltursa.
• Internal flights – For longer journeys between major cities (e.g. Lima – Cusco), internal flights are a fast and convenient solution. Connections in South America can be tight, so it is worth knowing in advance what to do if you miss your flight.

Travelling around Peru offers countless possibilities. Whether you plan to hike the Andes, cruise the Amazon or explore cities full of history, Peru will certainly deliver unforgettable experiences.

Dangerous animals and nature

Peru is a country of extraordinary natural diversity that delights with its flora and fauna. However, as with many exotic places, it is worth remembering the potential dangers that can occur in wild, tropical areas. In this section we discuss the animals that can pose a threat, particularly in the Amazon region, and suggest how to protect yourself properly while travelling around Peru.

Tropical animals

In Peru, especially in the tropical regions, you can encounter many wild animals, some of which can pose a threat to tourists. The most common and most dangerous include:

• Snakes – Peru is home to several species of venomous snakes, such as coral snakes and the fer-de-lance (a pit viper of the Bothrops genus). Boa constrictors also live here – they are not venomous, but as powerful constrictors they command respect. These snakes mainly inhabit the Amazon jungle, where they can surprise tourists during forest hikes.
• Scorpions and spiders – In the Amazon regions you can encounter large spiders, such as tarantulas, which although not usually aggressive can cause unpleasant encounters. Scorpions are also present in these regions, and their stings can cause severe pain and swelling.
• Mosquitoes – Although not a direct physical threat, mosquitoes in Peru can transmit dangerous diseases such as malaria, dengue or Zika. It is worth protecting yourself against bites.
• Jaguar and puma – Although rarely encountered in tourist areas, these predators live in the tropical forests and can pose a threat in the event of careless behaviour in their natural habitat.
• Arapaima – This is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, inhabiting the rivers of the Amazon basin. It is not aggressive towards people, but its size and power can take you by surprise, so caution is advised when travelling on Amazonian waters.

Hazards in the Amazon

The Peruvian Amazon is one of the most biodiverse places in the world, but also one of the most hazardous, especially for tourists who are not well prepared for contact with wild nature. It is worth knowing that this region is home not only to animals, but also to plants that can pose a threat. The previously mentioned snakes, scorpions and spiders are just the beginning.

• Poisonous plants – In the Amazon you can encounter plants that can cause serious skin reactions, for example plants of the Ricinus genus (castor bean), whose seeds are poisonous, or plants whose sap can cause burns. Avoid touching unknown plants in the forest.
• Rivers and swamps – Although the rivers of the Amazon are beautiful, they can also pose dangers. River water can be contaminated, and some fish species, such as piranhas, can bite if their territory is disturbed. Avoid bathing in unknown places and prefer safe swimming areas.
• Insects and microorganisms – The Amazon is home not only to mosquitoes, but also various microorganisms and bacteria that can cause disease. Be aware of the risk of bacterial and viral infections, such as leptospirosis or malaria.

How to protect yourself

Safety in tropical regions requires proper preparation and caution. Here are a few basic rules worth knowing:

• Appropriate clothing – In the jungle, wear long trousers and long-sleeved shirts to protect your skin from insect bites and contact with plants. Footwear should be closed and protect against snake bites.
• Repellents – Using mosquito repellents is key, especially in regions with a high risk of malaria and dengue. Use strong preparations containing DEET.
• Protection against snakes – When trekking in areas where snakes may occur, be particularly careful, especially in tall grass. Snakes usually avoid people, but it is always worth wearing proper footwear that protects against bites.
• Training and guides – When travelling deep into the Amazon, it is worth hiring a local guide who knows the terrain and can ensure your safety. Always carry a map and spare water.
• A first-aid kit – Take a basic first-aid kit containing painkillers, antibiotics, burn remedies, repellents, antimalarials, bandages and plasters.

Although Peru is a country full of dangers connected with wild nature, proper preparation and caution will make a journey through this extraordinary place an unforgettable adventure. Remember that every hike through the jungle or along mountain trails is an experience to be treated with respect for nature and with caution, to avoid unnecessary risks.

How to plan the trip – independently or with a travel agency?

Planning a trip to Peru is an exciting challenge that requires weighing up various options, especially when it comes to organising the whole journey. There are several possibilities: travelling independently, using a travel agency, or choosing hybrid options that combine the advantages of both. In this section we discuss the pros and cons of each approach to help you make the best decision for yourself.

Independent travel – pros and cons

Travelling independently gives you complete freedom in planning the route, choosing the places where you want to stop, and the pace of the journey. It is the ideal option for people who value independence and flexibility and want to get close to the real Peru, avoiding the tourist trails. However, such a journey also requires proper preparation and the ability to cope in a foreign country. Let us look at the advantages and disadvantages in detail:

Pros:

• Flexibility – You decide what you do each day. You can change plans at the last minute, stay longer in one place or alter the route if something catches your interest.
• Authenticity of experience – Independent travel gives you a greater chance of contact with local culture, meetings with residents and discovering less touristy places.
• Savings – Independent travel is usually cheaper, particularly when it comes to choosing accommodation, transport and food.

Cons:

• Requires preparation – Independent planning takes time, knowledge of the country, language skills and the ability to organise transport and accommodation.
• Safety – Travelling through the less-known regions of Peru involves greater risk, especially in remote and wild parts of the country.
• Logistical difficulties – Getting around Peru can be complicated due to difficult geography, changeable transport connections and the need to organise treks on your own.

Travelling with an agency – pros and cons

Choosing a travel agency is a convenient solution that provides full organisation and support at every stage of the journey. For people who do not want to handle all the planning and details themselves, it is a very comfortable option. On the other hand, it comes with certain limitations. Below we present the advantages and disadvantages of an agency trip:

Pros:

• Safety – Travel agencies organise trips thoughtfully, with tourist safety in mind. You get the support of guides and an organised route.
• No planning needed – All details are handled by the agency, saving time and effort. You do not have to worry about accommodation, transport, entry tickets or health regulations.
• Convenience – This is the option for people who want to relax and focus on sightseeing without organising everything themselves. The agency takes care of all the formalities.

Cons:

• Limited flexibility – On an agency trip you are tied to a set route and schedule. There is no room for spontaneous changes of plan.
• Higher costs – Agency tours can be more expensive because of the margin added to the cost of transport, accommodation and attractions.
• Less authenticity – The tour route often leads through the most touristy places, which can limit the chance to experience the real culture of Peru.

Hybrid options – combining independence with comfort

Hybrid solutions are an excellent option for people who want to combine the advantages of independent and agency travel. This approach allows greater freedom in planning, but with a certain level of organisation and comfort provided by an agency. Here are a few examples of hybrid options:

• Agency support for part of the trip – You can opt for an organised tour of the most famous places (Machu Picchu, Cusco) and spend the rest of the trip independently, discovering less touristy regions.
• Choosing local carriers – When organising internal transport you can use local carriers, such as buses or trains, but arrange accommodation and sightseeing with the help of an agency.
• Tour packages with a flexible programme – Some agencies offer packages covering the main attractions but allowing independent sightseeing in your free time. This model gives great freedom while retaining safety and support.

The best way to travel depends on your preferences and expectations. If you value independence and authentic experiences, independent travel may be for you. If you prefer comfort and security, an agency trip may be the ideal solution. And the hybrid option is a great compromise for those who want to draw on both forms of travel.

Travel insurance and the cost of medical treatment

When travelling to Peru, one of the most important aspects of trip preparation is taking out the right travel insurance. It is not only a matter of comfort, but above all of safety, especially since Peru is a country where you can encounter various risks, such as tropical diseases, accidents during mountain treks or health problems at altitude. In this section you will learn what good travel insurance should cover, what sample treatment costs in Peru look like, and what insurance is worth considering for treks or the jungle.

What should good insurance cover?

When choosing travel insurance for Peru, pay attention to a few key aspects that will give you full protection in unforeseen situations. Here are the basic elements good insurance should include:

• Coverage of medical costs – The insurance should cover all costs connected with treatment in the event of illness or accident, including hospital treatment, surgical procedures and medical transport home.
• Personal accident insurance – In the event of an accident, the insurance should provide compensation or cover the costs of long-term treatment.
• Trip cancellation cover – In case of unforeseen circumstances, such as illness or another random event preventing your trip, the insurance should cover the costs of cancelling tickets and reservations.
• Luggage insurance – Protection against loss or damage of luggage in transit, especially given the tough transport conditions in Peru, is an important element.
• Third-party liability insurance – This covers potential costs connected with damage caused to third parties, e.g. in an accident for which you are responsible.
• Assistance – Help in emergencies, such as organising medical transport, interpreter support, help in case of lost documents, or help organising your return home.

Also make sure the insurance covers situations specific to Peru, such as travel to high-mountain regions (e.g. Machu Picchu) or trips to the Amazon jungle.

Sample treatment costs

The cost of medical treatment in Peru, particularly in private clinics, can be significantly higher than in many European countries. Here are examples of treatment costs you may encounter:

• A doctor’s visit: A visit to a private clinic costs around 50–100 USD. Public facilities may be cheaper, but waiting times are longer.
• Hospital treatment: The cost of a stay in a private hospital can range from 200 USD to 500 USD per day, depending on the scope of treatment.
• An ambulance: Medical transport by ambulance in the event of an accident or sudden illness within a city costs around 100–200 USD.
• Surgical procedures: The cost of an operation, depending on its complexity, can range from 1,000 USD to several thousand dollars.
• Altitude above 3,000 m a.s.l.: The costs of treating altitude sickness can be an additional burden, particularly in regions such as Cusco or Machu Picchu, where helicopter evacuation from remote trails can run into tens of thousands of dollars without insurance.

Bear in mind that public health facilities in Peru often struggle with a lack of funds and resources, so in the event of serious health problems it is worth considering private clinics, which can provide faster and more professional help – but are also more expensive.

Mountain and tropical insurance

Many of Peru’s tourist attractions are located in mountain and tropical regions, which involve additional health risks and insurance requirements. Here is what to pay attention to:

• Mountain insurance – If you are going trekking in the high mountains, on routes such as Machu Picchu, Rainbow Mountain or hikes through the Andes, take out insurance that covers specialist mountain rescue and transport in the event of an accident. Such insurance often also covers rescue operations in difficult conditions, e.g. at high altitude. Check that the policy explicitly covers activities above 3,000 m a.s.l. – Cusco itself lies at around 3,400 m.
• Trekking insurance – This also covers potential costs connected with the delay or cancellation of a trek, e.g. due to bad weather, accidents or illness.
• Tropical insurance – When travelling to the Amazon, pay particular attention to insurance covering risks connected with tropical diseases such as malaria, dengue or yellow fever. Consult a doctor before departure to make sure you have the appropriate vaccinations and antimalarial medication.

A trip to Peru involves certain health risks, so it is good to be properly protected by choosing travel insurance that takes into account all the specific hazards of travelling in this country.

Safety and crime

When travelling to Peru, it is worth keeping safety in mind and understanding what risks can occur, particularly in cities and popular tourist places. Although Peru is a country with an extraordinarily rich history and culture, as in many other tourist countries there are certain safety challenges, especially in large urban areas and less frequented areas. In this section we explain how to avoid theft-related risks and how to move around Peru safely, so that your journey is as comfortable and secure as possible.

Theft and urban risks

As in many other tourist countries, one of the main risks in Peru is theft, especially in large cities and popular tourist places. It is worth staying alert and taking a few precautions to avoid unpleasant situations.

• Pickpocketing – In large cities such as Lima and Cusco, particularly in tourist areas, pickpocketing can be quite common. It is often carried out by very skilful people working in groups. To prevent it, keep your belongings in safe places, e.g. in inner pockets or lockable backpacks.
• Avoid crowds – In places with large numbers of tourists, such as the market in Cusco, the Plaza de Armas or the area around Machu Picchu, stay cautious. Crowds favour theft, so avoid leaving valuables in visible places, such as backpacks worn on your back or bags in easy-to-grab spots.
• Robberies – Although they happen less often, robberies can occur in poorly lit parts of cities or on the outskirts, especially after dark. To minimise the risk, avoid walking along unknown and unlit streets late in the evening.
• Street violence – In some cities, particularly in districts with a worse reputation, incidents of violence can occur. Always try to move around cities in safe areas, use public transport or order verified taxis via apps rather than hailing them on the street.

Always remember that despite these risks, Peru remains a relatively safe destination if you stay cautious and follow a few basic safety rules.

Moving around the country safely

In Peru, as in any other country, it is worth knowing a few rules for moving around safely, so that your journey is as comfortable as possible. Although Peru is full of beautiful landscapes and interesting places to visit, travelling around this country also requires attention to safety, particularly regarding transport, moving around cities and organising expeditions to less accessible regions.

• Public transport – In cities such as Lima and Cusco public transport is available, but it can be uncomfortable and at times somewhat unsafe, especially at rush hour. It is definitely better to use official taxis or apps such as Uber, which are safer and more reliable. In large cities, also avoid the so-called ‘combis’ – crowded minibuses where thefts happen.
• Car hire and driving – If you plan to rent a car, take proper precautions. Make sure you rent from a reputable company and stay careful on the roads. Roads in Peru can be in poor condition, especially in mountainous regions, and the unpredictable traffic can be a challenge.
• Transport in tourist regions – In popular places such as Machu Picchu or the Sacred Valley, organised tours are available and are a safe way to get around the region. They are strongly recommended, particularly if you are going trekking or hiking in hard-to-reach areas.
• Altitude and treks – Altitude in Peru, especially in regions such as Cusco and Machu Picchu, can pose a risk for people not used to it. Before starting a trek, especially at high altitude, always acclimatise properly, drink plenty of water and do not push your body. If necessary, consult a doctor before departure.
• Always tell someone your plans – If you are heading to less touristy regions, such as the Amazon or mountain treks, always inform family or friends of your plans. Leave copies of documents, route information and your return date, so that appropriate steps can be taken if needed.

Peru is a country full of contrasts – from bustling cities to wild jungle regions. By observing basic safety rules, such as avoiding dangerous districts, using official transport services and preparing properly for treks, travelling around this fascinating country will be safe and full of unforgettable experiences.

Law, drugs, alcohol – what you need to remember

When travelling to Peru, remember that every country has its own specific legal regulations, and breaking them can lead to serious consequences. Peru, despite its openness to tourists, has fairly strict laws concerning alcohol, drugs and other substances. In this section we discuss the most important legal issues in Peru and draw attention to substances that are prohibited or strictly controlled, such as coca leaves, alcohol and drugs. Knowing this will help you avoid problems during your trip and allow you to explore the country in peace.

Legal restrictions

Peru is a country where compliance with the law is taken very seriously. Although tourism is an important part of the economy, tourists are advised to familiarise themselves with the basic regulations, which may differ from those in force in other countries, including in Europe.

• Legal drinking age – In Peru the minimum age for legal alcohol consumption is 18. Note that regulations on the sale of alcohol are enforced, especially for spirits, which are regulated at local level.
• Ban on drinking alcohol in public places – Although alcohol is widely available in Peru, in some cities you may not drink it in public places such as streets, parks or beaches. In such places it can lead to a fine or other legal consequences.
• Alcohol and drug rules by region – Many regions, particularly mountainous ones and areas near borders, apply more rigorous rules concerning alcohol and drugs. If in doubt, it is best to ask locals about the rules in force in a given region.
• Public consumption – Avoid drinking alcohol in public places such as street café areas, parks or beaches, as it may be treated as an offence.

Knowing these regulations will help you avoid unpleasant situations and make your trip to Peru calm and trouble-free.

Regulations concerning alcohol, drugs and coca leaves

Peru has strict regulations concerning alcohol, drugs and plant substances, especially coca leaves, which have a long history in this country. Although coca leaves are used by the inhabitants of the Andes for cultural and health purposes, travellers must be aware of the regulations governing their use and the consequences of drug possession and trafficking. (Curious what actually turns up at security checks? Read our article on strange things found in carry-on baggage.)

• Alcohol – As mentioned, alcohol is legally available in Peru, but its consumption in public places such as parks, streets or beaches is prohibited in many municipalities. It is also worth noting that Peru has a distinct drinking culture, particularly around beer and the local spirit pisco, which is popular with tourists. Drinking alcohol in restaurants and bars is entirely permitted, but moderation is advised.
• Drugs – Peru is one of the largest producers of cocaine in the world, but the possession of and trafficking in drugs are severely punished here. Even possession of small amounts of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana or other psychoactive substances can lead to long-term imprisonment. The regulations are very restrictive, and penalties for breaking them can include high fines or long prison sentences.
• Coca leaves – Coca leaves are traditionally used in Peru by the local population to combat altitude sickness (soroche), reduce fatigue and as an element of Andean culture. Although possessing them in small quantities for personal use (e.g. chewing or coca tea) is permitted within Peru, exporting or trading them is prohibited – in most countries, including across Europe, coca leaves are treated as a controlled substance, so do not attempt to bring them home. Exceeding limits or selling them can lead to charges of drug trafficking, with serious legal consequences.
• Psychoactive substances – Other psychoactive substances, such as LSD, ecstasy and amphetamines, are completely prohibited in Peru. Their possession, trafficking and use carry rigorous penalties, including arrest and heavy fines.

It is important to remember that legal regulations in Peru are very strict, and ignoring them can lead to serious consequences. That is why, during your trip to this country, always observe local regulations and be aware of the legal restrictions concerning alcohol, drugs and other substances.

How are European travellers perceived in Peru?

Peru is a country with a rich history, a unique culture and warm-hearted inhabitants who often welcome tourists with open arms. But how are visitors from Europe perceived in this South American country? In this section we discuss how Peruvians react to European tourists and how travellers from Europe are recognised and treated by the local community. We also look at Peruvian hospitality and the potential culture shocks that tourists may encounter during their stay in Peru.

Warmth towards visitors from Europe

Peruvians are generally very hospitable and open to tourists, particularly those from Europe. Owing to historical and cultural ties, the inhabitants of Peru often have a positive attitude towards European visitors, treating them as curious people who appreciate local culture and history. In tourist cities such as Cusco, Arequipa and Lima you can meet travellers from all over the world, and Europeans are a familiar part of this international crowd.

However, although European tourists are generally treated with respect, bear in mind that visitors from smaller or less-represented countries may not always be immediately identified. In such cases it is worth being ready to explain where you come from, especially in less touristy regions. Nevertheless, European travellers are usually perceived as interesting people with fascinating histories and traditions.

Will your country be recognised?

Although Peru is a country visited by tourists from all over the world, not every nationality is instantly recognised on the street. Travellers from the largest countries – Germany, Spain, France or the UK – are usually identified straight away, while visitors from smaller European countries may sometimes be asked to point out on a map where exactly they come from. Treat it as an opportunity for a friendly conversation rather than a problem – Peruvians are genuinely curious about their guests.

It is worth knowing that European visitors are usually seen as people who have come to discover Peruvian culture, including the heritage of the Incas, and to visit places such as Machu Picchu or Lake Titicaca. Sharing something about your own country in return often turns out to be a pleasant surprise for your hosts and a natural ice-breaker.

Peruvian hospitality vs. culture shock

Peruvians are famous for their hospitality and warmth towards tourists. In Peru it is often said that a guest is a ‘blessing’ – a reflection of the deeply rooted value of hospitality in Peruvian culture. The inhabitants gladly share their traditions, talk about their history, offer help with directions and even invite visitors into their homes. For a traveller from Europe it can be a wonderful experience, allowing you to feel part of the local community.

However, despite this hospitality, travellers may experience culture shock, especially those visiting a country with such different traditions, social norms and levels of development for the first time. In the cities, particularly in large urban areas like Lima, crowded streets, noise and differences in infrastructure can be a challenge. In turn, in smaller, more traditional regions, such as the Andes or the Amazon, tourists may be surprised by a different way of life – simpler, with less access to modern technology, which can initially be hard to accept.

Despite these differences, Peruvian hospitality certainly makes adaptation easier, and in most cases travellers feel welcome, even if they encounter certain difficulties connected with cultural differences. It is worth being aware of these differences and open to new experiences, which may turn out to be among the most valuable of your trip to Peru.

Embassies and consulates in Peru – where to find help

When travelling to Peru, it is worth knowing how to contact your embassy or consulate, which can help in crisis situations. Although Peru is a relatively safe country, situations do occur that require diplomatic intervention or consular assistance. Knowing where your country’s diplomatic missions are located in Peru, and what services they offer, is an important element of trip preparation.

Before you travel

Most European countries maintain embassies in Lima, and many also have honorary consulates in other major cities such as Arequipa and Cusco. Before departure it is worth doing three things:

• Save the contact details of your embassy in Lima – address, telephone number and the emergency/duty number for urgent consular matters – both on your phone and on paper, kept separately from your documents.
• Register your trip with your country’s foreign ministry travel programme if one is available. This makes it easier for consular services to contact you in the event of a natural disaster or other crisis.
• Make copies of your documents – a photocopy or digital scan of your passport and entry record, kept separately from the originals, will greatly speed up matters if your documents are lost or stolen. Also note the Peruvian emergency numbers: 105 (police) and 106 (ambulance/SAMU).

What they can help with

Embassies and consulates offer a wide range of services that can be useful to tourists and citizens living in Peru. The most important services you can obtain include:

• Help in the event of lost documents (passport, ID card).
• Help in the event of accidents, illness, detention by law enforcement, and other crisis situations.
• Issuing new passports or emergency travel documents in the event of loss or theft.
• Help organising transport in the event of a return home or the need for special procedures connected with illness, an accident or another emergency.
• Help with matters concerning civil and consular rights.
• Providing information on legal procedures in Peru, including e.g. matters connected with detention or criminal charges.
• Organising assistance for the families of citizens in Peru, should the need arise.

Tips in the event of an emergency

In the event of a sudden emergency, such as an accident, loss of your passport or the need for medical transport, your embassy or consulate can prove an invaluable help. Here are a few tips worth keeping in mind:

• Reporting lost documents: If you lose your passport or it is stolen, report it immediately to the local police (keep the report) and to your nearest embassy or consulate. They will be able to issue you an emergency travel document or help you obtain new documents.
• Safety in the event of detention: If detained by the Peruvian authorities, you have the right to contact your embassy, which will help you get in touch with a lawyer and ensure legal assistance.
• Accidents and illness: In the event of an accident or illness, the embassy or consulate can help organise medical transport to the nearest hospital or a medical evacuation home if necessary.
• Return transport: If an immediate return home becomes necessary, the embassy or consulate can help organise flights, contact carriers and provide information on available transport options.

Remember that in a crisis situation it is always best to contact your diplomatic mission as soon as possible; it will help resolve the problem and provide the necessary assistance in a difficult moment. Staying in touch with your embassy or consulate can make the situation much easier, especially in the case of serious problems.

A trip to Peru – summary

Travelling to Peru is an unforgettable adventure, full of exotic landscapes, magnificent monuments and rich culture. Like any journey, however, it requires proper preparation to be safe and comfortable. A reminder of a few key issues will help you fully enjoy your stay in this beautiful country, avoiding unnecessary difficulties and risks.

Summary of the most important information

It is worth remembering a few key aspects before travelling to Peru:

• Health preparation: Make sure you have all the recommended vaccinations, take basic medicines with you and familiarise yourself with health recommendations, especially for trips into the higher parts of the Andes.
• Travel documents: Check the validity of your passport (at least six months from entry) and make copies of the most important documents so you have a backup version if needed.
• Safety: Always stay cautious, especially in large cities and popular tourist places. Save the emergency numbers (105 police, 106 ambulance) as well as the contact details of your embassy and consulate in Peru.
• Culture and customs: Remember to respect local traditions and culture. Peru is a country with a rich history, so it is worth learning the basic rules of social behaviour.

A reminder about responsible travel and good preparation

Responsible travel is not only about caring for your own safety and that of others, but also about caring for the natural environment and local communities. Remember to always follow ecological principles, not leave litter in nature and support sustainable tourism. Try to choose services that respect local culture and traditions and care for the protection of nature.

It is also worth remembering good organisation, both before departure and during your stay in Peru. Check weather forecasts, pack appropriate clothing and equipment, and try to stay flexible in the face of changing conditions. The better you prepare, the more comfortable and safer your journey will be.